"The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there."
Leslie Poles Hartley, The Go-Between (1953)
I’m told women very quickly forget the extreme pain of child birth. To ensure further procreation, the brain pulls a sniper-accurate insomnia trigger. Because Total Recall would mean a lot of One Child families. I suspect Nostalgia is the same kind of operator.
I’m pretty convinced that nostalgia never paints an accurate picture. There’s hyperbole in the paint-mix (maybe that’s the “red”?). Even a little allegory; one’s past “made myth” (that could be the “purple”?). And voila, we’ve got ourselves “Rose”.
So The Past is a myth, a sleight-of-hand deception, truly a foreign land as Hartley suggests, because it never actually existed. Not the way we remember it. The Past conjures all the magic and mystique of a travel brochure destination, without a handy time-machine to disprove the allure and expose the truth.
Where I’m going with this is this.
If brand-building is an exercise in the Creation of Appeal through Association & Evocation, then Nostalgia can be one helluva compatible and curvy bed-fellow.
Of course “Nostalgia” isn’t a gambit that can be played by every brand, or even every brand old enough to be credibly able to play it. But at the right moment, given the right context, nostalgia can be a great brand-building device.
Nostalgia Pays its Way
Nostalgia is all about context. Then... compared to Now. When “Now” represents tough times, we hark back all the more to times that were happier.
Lego is one of the few brands that has shown itself to be near on “recession proof”. In fact, Lego has become a beneficiary of a recessionary climate. UK profits soar for Lego Lego's latest financials show a storming 12 months, with significant double digit growth for UK sales for the fifth consecutive year. Lego also increased its global market share to 4.8%. (Source: Toy News, March 4, 2010)
Nostalgia has provided a kind of Kevlar for Lego’s bottom line, because purchase provides a kind of comfort blanket for consumers. When times are uncertain, folks revert to brands they feel certain of. Buying Lego for your child is buying something you know, that you understand and remember. It’s the happy glow of a warm-safe-place at a time when financially-speaking, so many feel like they’re sleeping on a ledge.
“The public demand for nostalgic toys and brands they know and trust has meant we’ve fared well.”
Marko Ilincic, MD, Lego UK & Ireland
Past Myths Made Real
Lego, Hovis, Heinz Baked Beans, Fairy Liquid, these are brands that “channel” nostalgia. They vibrate with a set of values, homespun, more innocent, pure, of simpler times, that “Time-Worm” that Golden Age of Never right into the hand of the consumer every time they pull a loaf or can or bar from the shelf. Hovis: As good today as it’s always been.
That’s a little slug of Feel Good right there with every buy. Agency CDP knew this back in 1974 when they asked Ridley Scott to direct a TVC that proclaimed, “As good for you today as it’s always been”.
Here was Dvorák's "New World" Symphony setting the tone for sepia-infused, uncurbed nostalgic enthusiasm, a bread-delivery boy taking on steep-cobbled inclines and free-wheeling home to the ultimate reward of a Hovis loaf containing “many times more wheat germ than ordinary bread”.
Hovis “Bike Ride” (1974). Agency: CDP. Director: Ridley Scott
Twenty-four years later, in 2008, agency Miles Calcraft Briginshaw Duffy simply reinforced the message. A nicely ambitious and sweeping piece of filmmaking, “Go on lad” chronicled the last 122 years of British History in 122 seconds, tracking the movement of a young boy through time and space from a start point of 1886.
Hovis: The last 122 years (2008). Agency: Miles Calcraft Briginshaw Duffy. Director: Ringan Ledwidge
It’s claimed the execution was subsequently responsible for a 13% increase in annual sales of Hovis.
Virgin Atlantic doesn’t go back 122 years, but it doesn’t have to. A quarter-century is more than enough equity to get in on the act. Their “25 years. Still red Hot” TVC is a gloriously knowing nod to a decade that possessed close-to-zero self-awareness.
Strutting through Heathrow airport for the first time on “June 22nd, 1984”, we witness a red-costumed coterie of air stewardesses paying leg-service to Robert Palmer, accompanying a square-jawed Virgin pilot who may once have been the Marlborough Man. The 90 second swaggering set-piece is set to the soundtrack, Relax, courtesy of Frankie Goes To Hollywood. The whole experience is like hoovering a pure, uncut line of Absolute 80’s direct from Tony Montana’s personal supply.
Virgin Atlantic – “25 years - Still Red Hot” (2009). Agency: RKCR/Y&R
But what if you’re a marketeer who doesn’t have the production or media budget to commission new TV ads that affectionately parody the past? The resurrection and re-airing of Classic TV ads from yester-year has also been a trend of recent years. The Milky Bar Kid, the Bisto Family, the Cadbury Caramel Bunny, ads and images you last saw 25 years ago are being re-beamed into people’s living rooms. With every intention, the Brand Builders are mining deep, using the living room as the entry-point, but hoping to travel much further into the murky memories of childhood, dredging up sugar-and-gravy associations that live in our “I remember when’s”.
There is an opposing professional school of thought amongst some of my peers that this is no more than “lazy marketing”, but I think it runs considerably deeper than that.
The Right Kind of Old
Lego, Hovis, Heinz Baked Beans, Fairy Liquid: these are exemplar brands of the Nostalgic Tradition, Genuine Household Names, with masses of latent good-will & implicit “feel good”. New ad campaigns with re-enforced or updated messaging can top them up, add a few fresh litres to the image tank, reinvigorate them to degree, and perhaps cause some re-appraisal (as we see with Hovis)... but fundamentally these brands don’t need to have something new to say. They stand for all they’ve become.
Nostalgia brands have stood the test of time, are proven, made credible by the fact they’re still in the game, WITHOUT becoming outmoded, out-dated, superseded.
But here’s the “but”. Working on a Nostalgia brand doesn’t mean you can always break early for lunch, kick back, sit on your hands, rest on your laurels, hold on to your market share. You can still negligently kill a Nostalgia brand by turning it into the Wrong Kind of Old.
I once worked on a household cleaning brand whose longevity as a business is triple-digit. As a company you’d never really appreciate their roll call of achievements unless you looked it up, or happened to work for them, and what stood out when I dug into it is how this manufacturer had, in their own way, made their mark, decade after decade, helping in some small way to move us on in the Game of Progress. Here was a 100 year old manufacturer of power tools who also happened to be inducted into the Space Foundations Hall of Fame for its contributions to NASA’s Gemini and Apollo missions. Its contribution to wonky shelves the DIY world over remains unsung.
I was working on an assignment to launch a new product line. New product lines are all about having something new to say. At least, you hope they have something new to say. You hope there’s credible scope for the product’s truth and articulating the benefit to people, spelling out The Why They Should Believe.
Boiling it right down, the product line’s “at its heart” proposition (I’m abridging here) was... “Smart, quick-cleaning products that make your life easier” They may have used a few more words, but short or long, as a proposition goes, this is water-tight in a Boulder Dam kind of way. Because the consumer need, for “quick-cleaning products that make life easier”, is timeless. Because housework is boring, is right up there with death and taxes in its disagreeable inevitability, so any piece of Product-Smarts that takes some pain away and does the job in less time is always going to be a better mousetrap for people.
The tightrope balance of heritage and innovation was the crux of it, how to ensure we could play to Origin Story & Provenance, and still really dial-up New-ness. It was a case of New, born of Old. Where Old is also a really good thing. The Watch-Out for every Nostalgia brand is how you guard against becoming a Yesterday Brand, how you Stay Relevant and fend off someone else banging a drum that they’ve just hit town with the next best thing since sliced bread. It’s a balancing act, but possible to get it right and have it both ways, to play both ends of the see-saw.
The Nostalgia Brand Balancing Act
For Nivea, 2011 marked “100 years of skincare”. 100 years is an achievement in anyone’s brand book, and rightly a very real reason to celebrate and slap on some self-congratulations. But these kinds of announcements are never without hazards. Every time you remind people you’ve been around for 100 years, you remind them how old you are. Upside: stood the test of time. Downside: surely superseded by something New & Improved? Nivea’s solution was to partner with Barbadian R&B recording artist Rihanna (b. 1988).
Understandably, Nivea doesn’t want to be a brand that ages with its aging users – because the ultimate outcome is a dwindling-to-zero one. Rihanna represents a whole other, whole younger fan base, and that could spell new Nivea users for generations to come. But how congruous and compatible is this partnership? Nivea also doesn’t want to alienate its biggest fan base, its core loyal users, who are over 40 and unlikely to be all that impressed with a 23 years old’s maverick musicality, overt sexuality, or chequered private life. Where’s the identification for them? How does a 43 year old relate to the new face of a brand that has been “her brand” for the last 15 years? With hope, Nivea’s core users are sufficiently loyal, and the association will help contemporise the brand’s image, which is obviously the hope.
Retro Originals, for those who weren’t originally there
In Ogilvy on Advertising (1983), the man himself defines “a brand” as...
“The intangible sum of a product's attributes: its name, packaging, and price, its history, its reputation, and the way it's advertised.”
A very fair-enough roll-call of attributes from David O, and they all surely make a contribution to the Intangible Sum. The hope indeed is that, in the finest Gestaltian tradition, they all weigh-in and add to a greater whole, with each attribute being something you can dial-up or down, depending on the weather. Of Ogilvy’s roll-call of attributes, for me, “its history” is a point of a standout. (Of course, it was for you too, because I put it in bold.) Its “history” is a gentle nod to this subject of nostalgia, and furthermore to the “retro” sell. Nostalgia and Retro are part of the same bag of tricks, stem from the same bundle of meanings, from this desire we have for Things Past.
Nostalgia – noun
A wistful desire to return in thought or in fact to a former time in one's life, to one's home or homeland, or to one's family and friends; a sentimental yearning for the happiness of a former place or time.
Source: dictionary.com
So by definition, “nostalgia” is something you CANNOT sell to The Kids, because they weren’t there First-Time round.
Nostalgia is a luxury and indulgence of the old enough; a consequence of being Old Enough to have accumulated some rose-tinted memories, to have built a sufficient bank of Good Times as to feel the pang of melancholic loss, a realization that not All Times are Good Times.
“Retro” on the other hand is a two-gambit sell. It lets the Old Enough relive it, and it breathes new life into an old idea for everyone else.
A brand’s “History Attribute” may be a point of “Feel Good” (nostalgia), or very simply by alternative, “Feel Cool” (retro). This latter example very commonly pays rent in the heartland of the fashion world.
Vans, Converse, Nike, Adidas: brands where “retro” is either a facet of their identities, or a core component.
Converse, founded in 1908, is a brand sum comprising of a 100+ year history, and collaborations with ’20s basketball player Chuck Taylor and ‘30s Canadian badminton champion Jack Purcell. British fashion label Fred Perry lives on precisely the same street as Converse; a place of vintage style, tradition, and authenticity born of personal sporting accomplishment.
The fredperry.com landing page: “I’ve had a love affair with the Fred Perry label since I was 14...”
Adidas’ “Originals collection” sits neatly under the Adidas masterbrand as a stand-alone vertical, pitching themselves as “vintage clothing, retro shoes and urban wear that blend timeless 70s and 80s designs with sports styles.” Those consumers targeted by Adidas Originals will certainly not be old enough to have purchased these ranges when they originally hit the shelves.
The Kingdom
“Everything can be killed except nostalgia for the kingdom, we carry it in the colour of our eyes, in every love affair, in everything that deeply torments and unties and tricks.”
Julio Cortazar, writer
I don’t know for sure, because I never met him to ask, but I take Cortazar’s reference to “the kingdom” to mean one’s Past, to mean the memories we have and hold dear, good and bad, that we carry with us. We are the sum of our experiences, but specifically the sum of how we remember those experiences.
From memory, we make The Past real, even if it’s not actually how the facts originally played out. Why let the facts get in the way of a good memory? Imagination. Re-invention. Re-imagining. It’s what we human beings do. And quite often, created in our image, it’s what our brands do too.
SP.